What is Blepharitis? Causes and Treatment

Blepharitis can occur in both children and adults of any age. It is an inflammation of the eyelid margin, involving both acute and chronic conditions that cause discomfort. This article from Everwell Magazine will guide you through the causes, symptoms, and effective treatments for blepharitis.

1. What is Blepharitis?

Blepharitis is a chronic eye condition characterized by inflammation of the eyelids. It often results from bacterial infection or skin conditions such as oily skin, dandruff, or rosacea.

• Anterior blepharitis: Affects the outer edge of the eyelid where the eyelashes grow, often causing noticeable swelling.
• Posterior blepharitis: Occurs when the tiny oil glands (meibomian glands) in the eyelids malfunction, leading to blockage.
• Many people experience both anterior and posterior blepharitis simultaneously. Severity varies, with some having mild symptoms and others more severe. It typically affects both eyes at once.

2. What Causes Blepharitis?

The exact cause is often difficult to pinpoint, but several factors contribute to its development:

• Meibomian gland dysfunction
• Medications (antihistamines, hormone replacement therapy)
• Allergies (contact lens solution, cosmetics, certain eye drops or ointments)
• Rosacea
• Eyelash mites (Demodex)
• Seborrheic dermatitis (dandruff on scalp and eyebrows)
• Hormonal changes (menopause or pregnancy)
• Bacterial infections

Blepharitis may be triggered by a single factor or a combination of these.

3. Symptoms of Blepharitis

The condition presents differently depending on severity. Common symptoms include:

• Red, swollen, or itchy eyelids
• Flaking or crusting of the eyelid skin
• Grittiness or burning sensation in the eyes
• Red eyes
• Excess tearing
• Thinning or sticky eyelashes
• Light sensitivity
• Blurred vision (temporary, often improves after blinking)

If you experience these symptoms, you should see an ophthalmologist promptly.

4. Who Can Get Blepharitis?

Blepharitis can affect anyone, from children to older adults, at any age.

5. How is Blepharitis Diagnosed?

Diagnosis is usually straightforward. An ophthalmologist may use a slit lamp (microscope) to examine the eyelids and eyelashes. The meibomian glands — located along the eyelids just inside the lash line — are gently pressed to check their secretions. Healthy glands produce thin, clear oil, while dysfunctional glands release thickened oil or none at all if blocked.

6. Treatment for Blepharitis

Blepharitis is a chronic condition that may recur, but treatment and eyelid hygiene can manage symptoms and reduce flare-ups.

• Medications: Prescription antibiotic eye drops or ointments, artificial tears, or steroid drops may be used temporarily. Severe cases may require oral antibiotics or omega-3 supplements.
• Warm compresses and eyelid hygiene: The most important treatment is applying warm compresses and cleaning the eyelids, either at home or in a clinic with specialized equipment.

At-home care routine:

• Warm compress: Apply a warm, damp cloth to closed eyelids for 15 minutes.
• Eyelid massage: After compressing, gently massage along the lid margins — downward on the upper lids, upward on the lower lids.
• Cleaning: Use a cotton swab or clean cloth wrapped around your finger to wipe along the lash line. Rinse with warm water afterward.

Benefits of this routine:

• Warm compresses help unclog blocked meibomian glands.
• Massage promotes relaxation and better circulation.
• Cleaning removes debris and reduces inflammation, easing irritation like itching or grittiness.

Treatment may take several weeks to months. During this period, you should avoid wearing contact lenses and limit eye makeup, as these can worsen irritation.

7. Medical Advice on Blepharitis

Blepharitis is a chronic eyelid condition that can lead to complications such as styes, chalazia, dacryocystitis (tear duct infection), eyelash loss, dry eyes, or worsened corneal disease. If you notice any unusual symptoms in your eyes, seek medical attention immediately to prevent long-term damage.